Metformin (Metformin HCL)
Metformin is a biguanide antidiabetic agent and one of the most widely prescribed medications worldwide for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It works primarily by decreasing hepatic glucose production, reducing intestinal absorption of glucose, and improving insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. Metformin has been used clinically for over 60 years with an extensive safety record.
Uses & Benefits
Metformin remains a cornerstone of type 2 diabetes treatment and has shown benefits beyond glycemic control. 1. First-line therapy for type 2 diabetes management 2. Reduces fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels 3. Does not cause weight gain and may promote modest weight loss 4. Improves insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues 5. May reduce cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients 6. Low risk of hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy 7. Emerging research on anti-aging and cancer risk reduction properties
Dosage, Concentration & Route
Dosage: Seek advice from a licensed physician or healthcare provider when determining metformin doses. Concentration: Available in multiple strengths (500mg, 850mg, 1000mg) Route of Administration: Oral (tablet, extended-release tablet, or compounded liquid) General guidance: - Starting dose: 500mg once or twice daily with meals - Gradual titration over several weeks to minimize GI side effects - Maximum dose: 2,000-2,550mg daily in divided doses - Extended-release formulations may be taken once daily
Side Effects
Common side effects, particularly during dose initiation: - Nausea and vomiting - Diarrhea - Abdominal discomfort or bloating - Metallic taste - Decreased appetite - Flatulence Stop using and contact your doctor if you experience: - Symptoms of lactic acidosis (unusual muscle pain, difficulty breathing, unusual fatigue, stomach pain) - Signs of vitamin B12 deficiency (numbness, tingling, weakness) - Severe allergic reaction Note: Lactic acidosis is rare but serious. Risk increases with kidney impairment, liver disease, excessive alcohol use, or during acute illness. This is not a complete list of side effects. Please consult your doctor or healthcare provider.
Storage
Store at room temperature 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Protect from light and moisture. Keep container tightly closed.